Vatican I

In "Vatican I: The Council and the Making of the Ultramontane Church," John W. O'Malley explores the tumultuous period of the first half of the 19th century when the Catholic Church's longstanding foundations were challenged by liberalism's rise. The audiobook delves into the fierce debates surrounding the doctrine of papal infallibility during the Vatican Council of 1869-1870, highlighting key figures like Archbishop Henry Manning and Lord Acton, while also addressing the significant role of Pope Pius IX and the political tensions of the time. This pivotal event ultimately led the Catholic Church to a more pope-centered, ultramontane identity amid the dramatic backdrop of the seizure of the Papal States.